TFGBV Taxonomy
Perpetrator:

Informal group

Last Updated 6/4/25
Definition: An informal, semi-organized online group that coordinate to overwhelm a target with harassment, threats, and abuse.
Abuse Types:
Intimate image abuse (IIA) Online harassment Doxxing Cyberstalking Deceptive synthetic media Inappropriate content
Targets:
Public figure Society Organization, group, community Private individual
Perpetrator Intents:
Entertainment Silence Aggrandizement Punitive intent Sexual gratification

Synonyms

Cybermob, Pile-ons, Brigading, Dog-piling, volumetric attacks, online mob

Description

These are large groups of online perpetrators who typically form organically around shared perceived grievances or targets, often originating from social media platforms, forums, or gaming communities.

Informal groups represent a challenge to trust & safety teams due to their distributed nature and ability to mobilize quickly. Technology-facilitated gender-based violence is distinct in part due to coordinated tactics like these.

Unlike formal organizations, they lack hierarchical structure, but can be highly effective due to their scale and the anonymity social platforms provide.

Their abuse is characterized by volume - hundreds or thousands of individual attacks that collectively create an overwhelming experience for targets. These campaigns have particularly targeted women in public roles, activists, and anyone perceived as challenging dominant narratives online.

Skill level

Low to Medium - Participants typically use existing platform features rather than sophisticated technical attacks. The coordination often happens through standard social media tools, direct messaging, or public calls to action.

Mitigation strategies

  • Rate limits on low trust accounts
  • Update ranking model
  • Transparent feedback and reporting

References

  • Slachmuijlder, L., & Bonilla, S. (2025). Prevention by design: A roadmap for tackling TFGBV at the source. https://techandsocialcohesion.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/Prevention-by-Design-A-Roadmap-for-Tackling-TFGBV-at-the-Source.pdf
  • United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). (2017). 16 DAYS OF ACTIVISM AGAINST GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE. United Nations Population Fund. https://www.unfpa.org/thevirtualisreal-background
  • UNFPA Technical Division, Gender and Human Rights Branch. (2021, December 1). Technology-facilitated gender-based violence: Making all spaces safe. United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA). https://www.unfpa.org/publications/technology-facilitated-gender-based-violence-making-all-spaces-safe
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